APPROACH TO DIGITAL TWINS IN MUSIC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21134/b0et4n44Keywords:
Digital twins, human digital twin, text and data mining (TDM) techniques, copyright license, data protection, reputational risksAbstract
The paper analyzes the emergence of digital twins, a technology originating in the industrial sector that has now reached the music industry, generating significant legal challenges. Given the need to clarify the nature of the digital twin (DT), the study offers an overview of its technical structure, which is particularly complex in the case of the human digital twin, based on biometric data and trained through generative AI. Its creation process is closely linked to text and data mining (TDM) techniques, raising issues related to the training of AI models on copyright-protected works. In the musical field, these twins enable the recreation of artists and performances, which requires specific consents, licenses for the materials used, and data‑protection safeguards. The work examines the necessary inputs and the resulting legal obligations, as well as the legal nature of the output, which does not constitute a protected work. The study also addresses reputational risks and the need to anticipate contractual liability.
Downloads
References
AMMERMAN YEBRA, J., El derecho a la propia voz como derecho de la personalidad, Ed. Colex, 2021
BERTRAND, S., Les enjeux juridiques de la reconnaissance juridique des jumeaux numériques, https://www.avocat-chatillon.com/les-enjeux-juridiques-de-la-reconnaissance-juridique-des-jumeaux-numeriques/, 2025
DE ROMÁN PÉREZ, R.: Artistas intérpretes o ejecutantes en “el Metaverso”, Inteligencia artificial y propiedad intelectual, en Arte tokenizado y propiedad intelectual, dir. NAVAS NAVARRO, S., Ed. Reus, 2023
EMMERT-STREIB, F: What Is the Role of AI for Digital Twins? AI, 4(3), 2023, pp.721–728. https://doi.org/10.3390/ai4030038
FULLER, A., FAN, Z., DAY, C. , BARLOW, C.: Digital Twin: Enabling Technologies, Challenges, and Open Research, “IEEE Access”, 8, 2020
HANANTO, A. L., TIRTA, A., HERNWAN, S. G., IDRIS, M., SOUDAGAR, M. E. M., DJAMARI D. W., & VEZA, I.: Digital Twin and 3D Digital Twin: Concept, Applications, and Challenges in Industry 4.0 for Digital Twin, “Computers”, vol. 13, nº 4, 2024
LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ, A.: Gemelos digitales portuarios, “Revista del Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible”, nº 754, Enero 2025
MILLER, M. E., & SPATZ, E.: A unified view of a human digital twin. Human-Intelligent Systems Integration, 4(1–2), 2022, pp. 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42454-022-00041-x
NAVAS NAVARRO, S., El internet de los cuerpos: Una aproximación jurídica. Revista de derecho y genoma humano, Nº 56, 2022
RODRIGUEZ TAPIA, J.M., Comentarios a la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (Texto Refundido, RDL 1/1996)
SAIZ GARCIA, C., Las obras creadas por sistemas de inteligencia artificial y su protección por el derecho de autor, Indret, nº1, 2019
TAMASHIRO, Andreia M.: Taylor Swift’s Copyright Battle and Strategic Re-Recording Songs, “Berkeley Technology Law Journal”, 2 mayo 2025, https://btlj.org/2025/05/taylor-swifts-copyright-battle/
TELLER, Marina: Legal aspects related to digital twin. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, cit., 379: 20210023, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2021.0023
TRUJILLO CABRERA, C., El derecho a la propia imagen (y a la voz) frente a la inteligencia artificial, Indret, nª1, 2024
VICENTE DOMINGO, Javier: Nôtre Dame de París. Ruina y reconstrucción, Ed. Reus, 2025
WENHUI LIU, YIHAN LV, QIAN WANG, BO SUN, AND DONGCHEN HAN, A Systematic Review of the Digital Twin Technology in Buildings, Landscape and Urban Environment from 2018 to 2024, “Buildings”, 2024
ZOU, C.; RHEE, S.-Y.; HE, L.; CHEN, D.; YANG, X.: Sounds of History: A Digital Twin Approach to Musical Heritage Preservation in Virtual Museums, “Electronics”, nº13, 2024
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 LEX MERCATORIA JOURNAL

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
