Sexual Deepfakes: impact, prevention and gender perspectives in the digital environment
Main Article Content
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the creation and dissemination of deepfakes, especially in the area of online sexual content. These deepfakes have mainly been used to create non-consensual content of a sexual nature. This research examines the issue of sexual deepfakes from a variety of perspectives based on a systematised literature review, highlighting their role in perpetuating sexual violence and gender bias by sexualising and objectifying women without their consent. It discusses the implications of the continuation of sexual abuse, the lack of consent in the digital environment, the impact on victims and the role of this technology in perpetuating sexual violence. Strategies to curb the creation and dissemination of sexual deepfakes are described, including detection methods, legal frameworks and media literacy. Addressing this issue in a comprehensive and collaborative manner is crucial to mitigating the negative impacts of this emerging technology and protecting victims' rights.
Downloads
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
Miguel Hernández Communication Journal is an open access magazine. To publish on MHCJ, the authors accept the following terms:
- The authors will retain their copyright and guarantee the journal the right to first publish their work, which will be simultaneously subject to the Creative Commons Atribución/Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional, which allows third parties share the work as long as its author and his first publication in this magazine are indicated.
- Authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements for the distribution of the version of the published work (eg, deposit it in an institutional telematic archive or publish it in a monographic volume) provided that the initial publication in this journal is indicated .
- Authors are allowed and recommended to disseminate their work through the Internet (e.g., in institutional telematic archives or on their website) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations. of the published work. (See The effect of open access).
- The document RESIGNATION OF PERCEPTION OF BENEFITS OF COPYRIGHT is intended for the print publication of MHCJ by the UNIVERSITAS publishing house. Both authors and publishers renounce the collection of economic benefits, if any, when the aforementioned publisher takes over the entire cost of printing, distribution and dissemination.
How to Cite
References
Burkell, J., & Gosse, C. (2019). Nothing new here: Emphasizing the social and cultural context of deepfakes. First Monday. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v24i12.10287
Codina, L. (2020a). Revisiones bibliográficas sistematizadas en Ciencias Humanas y Sociales. 1: Fundamentos. Methodos Anuario de Métodos de Investigación En Comunicación Social, 1, 50–60. https://doi.org/10.31009/methodos.2020.i01.05
Codina, L. (2020b). Revisiones sistematizadas en Ciencias Humanas y Sociales. 2: Búsqueda y Evaluación. Methodos Anuario de Métodos de Investigación En Comunicación Social, 1, 61–72. https://doi.org/10.31009/methodos.2020.i01.06
Codina, L. (2020c). Revisiones sistematizadas en Ciencias Humanas y Sociales. 3: Análisis y Síntesis de la información cualitativa. Methodos Anuario de Métodos de Investigación En Comunicación Social, 1, 73–87. https://doi.org/10.31009/methodos.2020.i01.07
Flynn, A., Powell, A., Scott, A. J., & Cama, E. (2021). Deepfakes and Digitally Altered Imagery Abuse: A Cross-Country Exploration of an Emerging form of Image-Based Sexual Abuse. The British Journal of Criminology, 62(6), 1341–1358. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azab111
Gosse, C., & Burkell, J. (2020). Politics and porn: how news media characterizes problems presented by deepfakes. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 37(5), 497–511. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2020.1832697
Harper, C. A., Fido, D., & Petronzi, D. (2019). Delineating non-consensual sexual image offending: Towards an empirical approach. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/vpydn
Jarvis Cooper, L. (2022). Sexual Privacy and Persecution. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4072440
Jacobsen, B. N., & Simpson, J. (2023). The tensions of deepfakes. Information, Communication & Society, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2023.2234980
Karasavva, V., & Forth, A. (2021). Personality, Attitudinal, and Demographic Predictors of Non-consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(21–22), NP19265–NP19289. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211043586
Laffier, J., & Rehman, A. (2023). Deepfakes and Harm to Women. Journal of Digital Life and Learning, 3(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.51357/jdll.v3i1.218
Lucas, K. T. (2022). Deepfakes and Domestic Violence: Perpetrating Intimate Partner Abuse Using Video Technology. Victims & Offenders, 17(5), 647–659. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2036656
Martínez Sánchez, M. (2023). El discurso sobre el revenge porn en la prensa: estudio de caso de Rosalía y sus fotografías manipuladas. Journal of Feminist, Gender and Women Studies, 15, 94–115. https://doi.org/10.15366/jfgws2023.15.005
Mania, K. (2022). Legal Protection of Revenge and Deepfake Porn Victims in the European Union: Findings From a Comparative Legal Study. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 25(1), 117–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221143772
Paris, B., & Donovan, J. (2019). Deepfakes and cheap fakes. Data & Society: https://datasociety.net/library/deepfakes-and-cheap-fakes/ (acceso 5 de diciembre de 2023)
Roy, R., Dixit, A. K., Saxena, S., & Memoria, M. (2023). Meta-Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Solution for Prevention of Violence Against Women and Girls. 2023 International Conference on IoT, Communication and Automation Technology (ICICAT). https://doi.org/10.1109/icicat57735.2023.10263765
Rousay, V. (2023). Sexual Deepfakes and Image-Based Sexual Abuse: Victim-Survivor Experiences and Embodied Harms (Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University)
Sharpe, M., & Mead, D. (2021). Problematic Pornography Use: Legal and Health Policy Considerations. Current Addiction Reports, 8(4), 556–567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-021-00390-8
Simón Soler, E. (2023). Retos jurídicos derivados de la inteligencia artificial generativa. InDret. https://doi.org/10.31009/indret.2023.i2.11
van der Nagel, E. (2020). Verifying images: deepfakes, control, and consent. Porn Studies, 7(4), 424–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/23268743.2020.1741434
Walker, K., & Sleath, E. (2017). A systematic review of the current knowledge regarding revenge pornography and non-consensual sharing of sexually explicit media. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 36, 9–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2017.06.010