Calidad de vida en el proceso de envejecimiento: el papel de las condiciones psicosociales relacionadas con el trabajo y el apoyo social
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21134/pssa.v11i1.304Palabras clave:
Calidad de Vida, envejecimiento, condiciones psicosociales, proceso de envejecimiento, trabajo, apoyo socialResumen
El envejecimiento ha sido una fuente creciente de aumento de las oportunidades que plantea la longevidad, pero también una fuente creciente de preocupación, especialmente en lo que respecta a la salud mental y el bienestar de las personas mayores. Por ello, es muy relevante conocer mejor la relación entre los factores psicosociales relacionados con el trabajo y la calidad de vida, no sólo entre la población activa, sino también entre los jubilados.
El objetivo principal de este estudio es comprender y caracterizar mejor la relación entre la calidad de vida (QoL), las condiciones psicosociales relacionadas con el trabajo y el apoyo social para los adultos que trabajan y los jubilados. Los participantes fueron 1.330, de los cuales el 62,2% eran mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 55 y los 75 años. El 47% de los encuestados estaban trabajando y el 46% estaban jubilados. Se probaron tres modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, utilizando la muestra total y por situación laboral (trabajadores y jubilados). Los resultados mostraron que la gestión del estrés (con un efecto mayor en los participantes jubilados) y el apoyo social (con un efecto mayor en los participantes que trabajan) tienen una influencia positiva en el factor QoL. Unas mejores condiciones psicosociales relacionadas con el trabajo y un mayor apoyo social fueron predictores de una mayor/mejor QoL. Nuestro estudio nos permitió concluir que la situación laboral, el apoyo social y las condiciones psicosociales relacionadas con el trabajo influyen en la CdV. Se trata de un poderoso mensaje para los responsables políticos en vista del crecimiento de la población de edad avanzada.
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