Indicadores de Posición Socioeconómica y Salud Mental en Adolescentes Chilenos
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https://doi.org/10.21134/pssa.v13i1.15Palabras clave:
Adolescentes, Determinantes Sociales, Posición Socioeconómica, Salud Mental, ChileResumen
Este estudio investiga el impacto de distintos indicadores de posición socioeconómica (PSE) en la salud mental positiva (SMP) y negativa (SMN) de adolescentes chilenos, utilizando modelos de los Determinantes Sociales en Salud (DSS) y el modelo de doble factor de la salud mental. La investigación asumió un diseño no experimental transversal y correlacional-explicativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 425 adolescentes del norte de Chile. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la Escala de Afluencia Familiar II (EAF-II) para medir los indicadores de PSE, y el Índice de Bienestar Personal (IBP) y las Escalas Abreviadas de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21) para medir la SMP y SMN respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron que la afluencia familiar y el género impactan significativamente la SMP y SMN. Además, ser adolescente migrante correlaciona con mejor SMP y menor SMN. Los niveles educativos de los padres y la etnia no mostraron efectos significativos. Estos hallazgos contribuyen al entendimiento de la salud mental de los adolescentes en Chile desde la perspectiva de los determinantes sociales y se sugiere la importancia de adoptar un enfoque multidimensional para desarrollar políticas e intervenciones efectivas que mejoren la salud mental de esta población.
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