Hidroterapia en neonatología. Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21134/riaa.v4i7.1717Palabras clave:
Physical therapy modalities, premature infants, hydrotherapy, neonatal intensive careResumen
Introducción: Las mejoras en la atención neonatal han aumentado la tasa de supervivencia de los bebés prematuros y de bajo peso al nacer, sin embargo, la incidencia de trastornos del desarrollo y motores en estos bebés se ha mantenido casi sin cambios. Las alteraciones fisiológicas en esta población contribuyen a aumentar sus problemas de desarrollo.
Objetivo: La hidroterapia puede mostrar algunos beneficios para mejorar el desarrollo de los bebés prematuros, hospitalizados en las unidades neonatales, aportándoles una estimulación táctil y cinestésica desgravitada.
Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática entre los meses de septiembre y noviembre de 2019, para determinar qué beneficios se pueden obtener de la hidroterapia en bebés prematuros ingresados en las unidades neonatales siguiendo los criterios PRISMA. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science, CINHAL, SciELO, Cochrane Library y PsycINFO.
Resultados: Tras seguir los criterios de identificación, cribado e idoneidad quedaron incluidos en nuestra revisión para su análisis un total de 4 artículos. En ellos se analizaron las siguientes variables: dolor, calidad y duración del sueño profundo, saturación de oxígeno, frecuencia cardíaca y respiratoria, niveles de cortisol en saliva y pronóstico neurológico evaluado con los movimientos generales (MG).
Conclusiones: La hidroterapia puede contribuir a la reducción de los efectos nocivos que las unidades neonatales provocan en los bebés, promocionando su desarrollo neurológico. En este sentido, podría introducirse en los protocolos fisioterápicos de intervención y manejo de los bebés prematuros en las unidades neonatales.
Palabras clave: Physical therapy modalities, premature infants, hydrotherapy, neonatal intensive care.
Descargas
Referencias
Allievi, A. G., Arichi, T., Tusor, N., Kimpton, J., Arulkumaran, S., Counsell, S. J., … Burdet, E. (2016). Maturation of Sensori-Motor Functional Responses in the Preterm Brain. Cerebral Cortex, 26(1), 402–413. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhv203
Álvarez, M. J., Fernández, D., Gómez-Salgado, J., Rodríguez-González, D., Rosón, M., & Lapeña, S. (2017). The effects of massage therapy in hospitalized preterm neonates: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 69, 119–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.02.009
Armijo-Olivo, S., da Costa, B. R., Cummings, G. G., Ha, C., Fuentes, J., Saltaji, H., & Egger, M. (2015). PEDro or Cochrane to Assess the Quality of Clinical Trials? A Meta-Epidemiological Study. PloS One, 10(7), e0132634. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132634
Bhogal, S. K., Teasell, R. W., Foley, N. C., & Speechley, M. R. (2005). The PEDro scale provides a more comprehensive measure of methodological quality than the Jadad Scale in stroke rehabilitation literature. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 58(7), 668–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLINEPI.2005.01.002
Blencowe, H., Lee, A. C., Cousens, S., Bahalim, A., Narwal, R., Zhong, N., … Lawn, J. E. (2013). Preterm birth–associated neurodevelopmental impairment estimates at regional and global levels for 2010. Pediatric Research, 74(S1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2013.204
Bouyssi-Kobar, M., Du Plessis, A. J., McCarter, R., Brossard-Racine, M., Murnick, J., Tinkleman, L., … Limperopoulos, C. (2017). Third Trimester Brain Growth in Preterm Infants Compared with in Utero Healthy Fetuses. Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey, 72(3), 145–146. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0000513225.92648.a4
Connolly, B. H. (1985). Neonatal assessment: an overview. Physical Therapy, 65(10), 1505–1513.
Craciunoiu, O., & Holsti, L. (2017). A Systematic Review of the Predictive Validity of Neurobehavioral Assessments During the Preterm Period. Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics, 37(3), 292–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/01942638.2016.1185501
de Oliveira Tobinaga, W. C., de Lima Marinho, C., Abelenda, V. L. B., de Sá, P. M., & Lopes, A. J. (2016). Short-Term Effects of Hydrokinesiotherapy in Hospitalized Preterm Newborns. Rehabilitation Research and Practice, 2016, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9285056
Einspieler, C., & Prechtl, H. F. R. (2005). Prechtl’s assessment of general movements: A diagnostic tool for the functional assessment of the young nervous system. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 11(1), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.20051
Fagard, J., Esseily, R., Jacquey, L., O’Regan, K., & Somogyi, E. (2018). Fetal origin of sensorimotor behavior. Frontiers in Neurorobotics, 12(MAY), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2018.00023
George, J. M., Boyd, R. N., Colditz, P. B., Rose, S. E., Pannek, K., Fripp, J., … Bandaranayake, S. E. (2015). PPREMO: A prospective cohort study of preterm infant brain structure and function to predict neurodevelopmental outcome. BMC Pediatrics, 15(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-015-0439-z
Gianfaldoni, S., Tchernev, G., Wollina, U., Roccia, M. G., Fioranelli, M., Gianfaldoni, R., & Lotti, T. (2017). History of the baths and thermal medicine. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 5(4 Special Issue GlobalDermatology), 566–568. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2017.126
Graca, A. M., Cardoso, K. R. V., da Costa, J. M. F. P., & Cowan, F. M. (2013). Cerebral volume at term age: Comparison between preterm and term-born infants using cranial ultrasound. Early Human Development, 89(9), 643–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.04.012
Hawkins, E., & Jones, A. (2015). What is the role of the physiotherapist in paediatric intensive care units? A systematic review of the evidence for respiratory and rehabilitation interventions for mechanically ventilated patients. Physiotherapy, 101(4), 303–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2015.04.001
Henderson, K. G., Wallis, J. A., & Snowdon, D. A. (2018). Active physiotherapy interventions following total knee arthroplasty in the hospital and inpatient rehabilitation settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiotherapy, 104(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2017.01.002
Husby, I. M., Skranes, J., Olsen, A., Brubakk, A.-M., & Evensen, K. A. I. (2013). Motor skills at 23years of age in young adults born preterm with very low birth weight. Early Human Development, 89(9), 747–754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.05.009
Kinney, M. V, Lawn, J. E., Howson, C. P., & Belizan, J. (2012). 15 million preterm births annually: what has changed this year? Reproductive Health, 9(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-9-28
Luhmann, H. J., Sinning, A., Yang, J. W., Reyes-Puerta, V., Stüttgen, M. C., Kirischuk, S., & Kilb, W. (2016). Spontaneous neuronal activity in developing neocortical networks: From single cells to large-scale interactions. Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 10(MAY), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2016.00040
Luu, T. M., Rehman Mian, M. O., & Nuyt, A. M. (2017). Long-Term Impact of Preterm Birth. Clinics in Perinatology, 44(2), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2017.01.003
Ma, L., Yang, B., Meng, L., Wang, B., Zheng, C., & Cao, A. (2015). Effect of early intervention on premature infants’ general movements. Brain and Development, 37(4), 387–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2014.07.002
Marder, E., & Bucher, D. (2001). Central pattern generators and the control of rhythmic movements. Current Biology, 11(23), R986–R996.
McManus, B. M., & Kotelchuck, M. (2007). The effect of aquatic therapy on functional mobility of infants and toddlers in early intervention. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 19(4), 275–282. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181575190
Milh, M., Kaminska, A., Huon, C., Lapillonne, A., Ben-Ari, Y., & Khazipov, R. (2007). Rapid cortical oscillations and early motor activity in premature human neonate. Cerebral Cortex, 17(7), 1582–1594. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhl069
Miyaoka, Y., Haishima, K., Takagi, M., Haishima, H., Asari, J., & Yamada, Y. (2006). Influences of thermal and gustatory characteristics on sensory and motor aspects of swallowing. Dysphagia, 21(1), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-005-9003-6
Neelapala, Y. V. R., Attal, R., & Tandale, S. (2019). Aquatic exercise for persons with haemophilia: A review of literature. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 34, 195–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.12.004
Padilla, N., Alexandrou, G., Blennow, M., Lagercrantz, H., & Ådén, U. (2015). Brain Growth Gains and Losses in Extremely Preterm Infants at Term. Cerebral Cortex, 25(7), 1897–1905. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bht431
Peterson, B. S., Anderson, A. W., Ehrenkranz, R., Staib, L. H., Tageldin, M., Colson, E., … Ment, L. R. (2003). Regional brain volumes and their later neurodevelopmental correlates in term and preterm infants. Pediatrics, 111(5 I), 939–948. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.5.939
Pitcher, J. B., Riley, A. M., Doeltgen, S. H., Kurylowicz, L., Rothwell, J. C., McAllister, S. M., … Ridding, M. C. (2012). Physiological Evidence Consistent with Reduced Neuroplasticity in Human Adolescents Born Preterm. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(46), 16410–16416. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3079-12.2012
Prechtl, H. F. R. (1997). State of the art of a new functional assessment of the young nervous system. An early predictor of cerebral palsy. Early Human Development, 50(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3782(97)00088-1
Saigal, S., & Doyle, L. W. (2008). An overview of mortality and sequelae of preterm birth from infancy to adulthood. The Lancet, 371(9608), 261–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60136-1
Scholz, K., & Samuels, C. A. (1992). Neonatal Bathing and Massage intervention with fathers, behavioural effects 12 weeks after birth of the first baby: The Sunraysia Australia Intervention Project. International Journal Of Behavioral Development, 15(1), 67–81.
Spittle, A., & Treyvaud, K. (2016). The role of early developmental intervention to influence neurobehavioral outcomes of children born preterm. Seminars in Perinatology, 40(8), 542–548. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2016.09.006
Steuer, I., & Guertin, P. A. (2018). Central pattern generators in the brainstem and spinal cord: An overview of basic principles, similarities and differences. Reviews in the Neurosciences. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2017-0102
Stevens, B. J., Gibbins, S., Yamada, J., Dionne, K., Lee, G., Johnston, C., & Taddio, A. (2014). The premature infant pain profile-revised (PIPP-R): initial validation and feasibility. Clin J Pain, 30(3), 238–243. Retrieved from
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0b013e3182906aed
Stevens, B., Johnston, C., Taddio, A., Gibbins, S., & Yamada, J. (2010). The premature infant pain profile: Evaluation 13 years after development. Clinical Journal of Pain, 26(9), 813–830. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181ed1070
Sweeney, J. K. (1983). Neonatal Hydrotherapy. An Adjunct to Develompmental Intervention in an Intensive Care Nursery Setting. The Haworth Press, 39–52.
Sweeney, J. K., Heriza, C. B., & Blanchard, Y. (2009). Neonatal physical therapy. Part I: Clinical competencies and neonatal intensive care unit clinical training models. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 21(4), 296–307. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181bf75ee
Sweeney, J. K., Heriza, C. B., Blanchard, Y., & Dusing, S. C. (2010). Neonatal Physical Therapy. Part II: Practice Frameworks and Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 22(1), 2–16. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181cdba43
Valizadeh, L., Sanaeefar, M., Hosseini, M. B., Asgari Jafarabadi, M., & Shamili, A. (2017). Effect of Early Physical Activity Programs on Motor Performance and Neuromuscular Development in Infants Born Preterm: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Caring Sciences, 6(1), 67–79. https://doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2017.008
Vignochi, C. M., Teixeira, P. P., & Nader, S. S. (2010). Effect of aquatic physical therapy on pain and state of sleep and wakefulness among stable preterm newborns in neonatal intensive care units. Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia (Sao Carlos (Sao Paulo, Brazil)), 14(3), 214–220. https://doi.org/ISNN: 1413-3555
Walsh, J. M., Doyle, L. W., Anderson, P. J., Lee, K. J., & Cheong, J. L. Y. (2014). Moderate and late preterm birth: Effect on Brain size and maturation at term-equivalent age. Radiology, 273(1), 232–240. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.14132410
Wang, S., Fan, P., Xiong, D., Yang, P., Zheng, J., & Zhao, D. (2018). Assessment of neonatal brain volume and growth at different postmenstrual ages by conventional MRI. Medicine (United States), 97(31). https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000011633
Wilson-Costello, D., Friedman, H., Minich, N., Siner, B., Taylor, G., Schluchter, M., & Hack, M. (2007). Improved Neurodevelopmental Outcomes for Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants in 2000-2002. PEDIATRICS, 119(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-1416
Wood, J. D. (2018). Enteric Nervous System: Brain-in-the-Gut. In Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract (Sixth, Vol. 2, pp. 361–372). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809954-4.00015-3
Zhao, S., Xie, L., Hu, H., Xia, J., Zhang, W., Ye, N., & Chen, B. (2005). A study of neonatal swimming (water therapy) applied in clinical obstetrics. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 17(1), 59–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767050400028782
Zoia, S., Blason, L., D’Ottavio, G., Biancotto, M., Bulgheroni, M., & Castiello, U. (2013). The development of upper limb movements: From fetal to post-natal life. PLoS ONE, 8(12), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080876
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2020 Galaad Torró Ferrero, Francisco Javier Fernández Rego
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
