Efecto agudo de la inmersión en agua fría en las respuestas cardiovasculares y autonómicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21134/riaa.v3i5.418Palabras clave:
Heart rate variability, water activities, autonomic nervous system.Resumen
Antecedentes: La inmersión viene siendo usada desde hace muchos años con fines terapéuticos, pero más recientemente los efectos cardiovasculares y autonómicos surgen cómo un cambio importante en el organismo durante la inmersión en el ambiente acuático.
Objetivos: El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar el efecto agudo de la inmersión en agua (22.6 ° C) sobre la frecuencia cardiaca, la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca, la temperatura corporal, la saturación de oxígeno, la presión arterial diastólica y la presión arterial sistólica en hombres jóvenes aparentemente saludable.
Método: Nueve hombres aparentemente sanos fueron asignados al azar en una situación experimental (SE) y otro control (SC). Los participantes del SE se les midió después de los 10 minutos de inmersión. Los participantes del SC permanecieron 10 minutos en reposo en el ambiente terrestre. Después de 48 h, los procedimientos se realizaron de manera inversa para realizar la entrada balanceada.
Resultados: Después de 10 minutos de inmersión en agua se observó reducción en los valores de la frecuencia cardíaca, aumentos significativos en los intervalos RR. Los valores de RMSSD (ms) aumentaron después de la inmersión, como demuestra el aumento del pNN50 (%) y del índice HF. La relación (LF/HF) disminuyó después de la inmersión. Se observaron diferencias significativas cuando se comparó la PAS.
Conclusiones: Se concluye que la inmersión en agua (22.6ºC) aumenta la actividad vagal y reduce la modulación de la rama simpática del sistema nervioso autónomo.
Palabras clave: variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca, actividades acuáticas, sistema nervioso autónomo
Descargas
Referencias
(1) Al Haddad, H., Laursen, P. B., Ahmaidi, S., & Buchheit, M. (2010). Influence of cold water face immersion on post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(3), 599-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1253-9
(2) Andersson, J., Schagatay, E., Gislén, A., & Holm, B. (2000). Cardiovascular responses to cold-water immersions of the forearm and face, and their relationship to apnoea. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 83(6), 566-572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210000317
(3) Andersson, J. P. A., Linér, M. H., Rünow, E., & Schagatay, E. K. A. (2002). Diving response and arterial oxygen saturation during apnea and exercise in breath-hold divers. Journal of Applied Physiology, 93(3), 882-886. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00863.2001
(4) Arborelius, M., Ballidin, U. I., Lilja, B., & Lundgren, C. E. (1972). Hemodynamic changes in man during immersion with the head above water. Aerospace Medicine, 43(6), 592-598.
(5) Bartels, E. M., Lund, H., Hagen, K. B., Dagfinrud, H., Christensen, R., & Danneskiold-Samsøe, B. (2007). Aquatic exercise for the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis. In The Cochrane Collaboration (Ed.), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005523.pub2
(6) Bender, T., Karagalle, Z., Blint, G. P., Gutenbrunner, C., Blint, P. V., & Sukenik, S. (2005). Hydrotherapy, balneotherapy, and spa treatment in pain management. Rheumatology International, 25(3), 220-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-004-0487-4
(7) Buchheit, M., Millet, G. P., Parisy, A., Pourchez, S., Laursen, P. B., & Ahmaidi, S. (2008). Supramaximal Training and Postexercise Parasympathetic Reactivation in Adolescents. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(2), 362-371. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815aa2ee
(8) Cider, Å., Sveälv, B. G., Täng, M. S., Schaufelberger, M., & Andersson, B. (2006). Immersion in warm water induces improvement in cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure, 8(3), 308-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.08.001
(9) Di Masi, F., & Brasil, R. (2006). A ciência aplicada à hidroginástica. Sprint.
(10) Eckberg, D. L. (1997). Sympathovagal balance: a critical appraisal. Circulation, 96(9), 3224-3232.
(11) Florian, J. P., Simmons, E. E., Chon, K. H., Faes, L., & Shykoff, B. E. (2013). Cardiovascular and autonomic responses to physiological stressors before and after six hours of water immersion. Journal of Applied Physiology, 115(9), 1275-1289. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00466.2013
(12) Fujishima, K., & Shimizu, T. (2003). Body temperature, oxygen uptake and heart rate during walking in water and on land at an exercise intensity based on RPE in elderly men. Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, 22(2), 83-88.
(13) Graef, F. I., & Kruel, L. F. M. (2006). Freqüência cardíaca e percepção subjetiva do esforço no meio aquático: diferenças em relação ao meio terrestre e aplicações na prescrição do exercício - uma revisão. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 12(4), 221-228. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922006000400011
(14) Gusi, N., Tomas-Carus, P., Häkkinen, A., Häkkinen, K., & Ortega-Alonso, A. (2006). Exercise in waist-high warm water decreases pain and improves health-related quality of life and strength in the lower extremities in women with fibromyalgia. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 55(1), 66-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.21718
(15) Kamioka, H., Tsutani, K., Okuizumi, H., Mutoh, Y., Ohta, M., Handa, S., … Honda, T. (2010). Effectiveness of Aquatic Exercise and Balneotherapy: A Summary of Systematic Reviews Based on Randomized Controlled Trials of Water Immersion Therapies. Journal of Epidemiology, 20(1), 2-12. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20090030
(16) Kihlstrand, M., Stenman, B., Nilsson, S., & Axelsson, O. (1999). Water-gymnastics reduced the intensity of back/low back pain in pregnant women. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 78(3), 180-185.
(17) Kingsley, M., Lewis, M. J., & Marson, R. E. (2005). Comparison of Polar 810s and an ambulatory ECG system for RR interval measurement during progressive exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(1), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-817878
(18) Kinoshita, T., Nagata, S., Baba, R., Kohmoto, T., & Iwagaki, S. (2006). Cold-water face immersion per se elicits cardiac parasympathetic activity. Circulation Journal: Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 70(6), 773-776.
(19) Kruel, L. F. M. (2001). Alterações fisiológicas e biomecânicas em indivíduos praticando exercícios de hidroginástica dentro e fora d’água. Kinesis, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.5902/2316546410373
(20) Latorre, P. Á., Santos, M. A., Heredia-Jiménez, J. M., Delgado-Fernández, M., Soto, V. M., Mañas, A., & Carbonell-Baeza, A. (2013). Effect of a 24-week physical training programme (in water and on land) on pain, functional capacity, body composition and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 31(6 Suppl 79), S72-80.
(21) Lindholm, P., & Lundgren, C. E. G. (2006). Alveolar gas composition before and after maximal breath-holds in competitive divers. Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine: Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, 33(6), 463-467.
(22) Miwa, C., Sugiyama, Y., Mano, T., Iwase, S., & Matsukawa, T. (1997). Sympatho-vagal responses in humans to thermoneutral head-out water immersion. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 68(12), 1109-1114.
(23) Mourot, L., Bouhaddi, M., Gandelin, E., Cappelle, S., Dumoulin, G., Wolf, J.-P., … Regnard, J. (2008). Cardiovascular autonomic control during short-term thermoneutral and cool head-out immersion. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 79(1), 14-20.
(24) Nunan, D., Jakovljevic, D. G., Donovan, G., Hodges, L. D., Sandercock, G. R. H., & Brodie, D. A. (2008). Levels of agreement for RR intervals and short-term heart rate variability obtained from the Polar S810 and an alternative system. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 103(5), 529-537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0742-6
(25) Perini, R., Milesi, S., Biancardi, L., Pendergast, D. R., & Veicsteinas, A. (1998). Heart rate variability in exercising humans: effect of water immersion. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 77(4), 326-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210050341
(26) Perloff, D., Grim, C., Flack, J., Frohlich, E. D., Hill, M., McDonald, M., & Morgenstern, B. Z. (1993). Human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometry. Circulation, 88(5 Pt 1), 2460-2470.
(27) Ray, A. D., Pendergast, D. R., & Lundgren, C. E. G. (2008). Respiratory muscle training improves swimming endurance at depth. Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine: Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, 35(3), 185-196.
(28) Šrámek, P., Šimečková, M., Janský, L., Šavlíková, J., & Vybíral, S. (2000). Human physiological responses to immersion into water of different temperatures. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 81(5), 436-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210050065
(29) Svedenhag, J., & Seger, J. (1992). Running on land and in water: comparative exercise physiology. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24(10), 1155-1160.
(30) Takahashi, S., Iwamoto, M., Yoshimura, M., Laskar, M. S., Shirono, S., Fujimura, T., & Harada, N. (2003). Factors influencing autonomic nervous function during cold-water immersion test in patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 76(3), 249-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-002-0409-2
(31) Taunton, J. E., Rhodes, E. C., Wolski, L. A., Donelly, M., Warren, J., Elliot, J., … Lauridsen, B. (1996). Effect of Land-Based and Water-Based Fitness Programs on the Cardiovascular Fitness, Strength and Flexibility of Women Aged 65-75 Years. Gerontology, 42(4), 204-210. https://doi.org/10.1159/000213794
(32) Town, G. P., & Bradley, S. S. (1991). Maximal metabolic responses of deep and shallow water running in trained runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 23(2), 238-241.
(33) Tsourlou, T., Benik, A., Dipla, K., Zafeiridis, A., & Kellis, S. (2006). The Effects of a Twenty-Four–Week Aquatic Training Program on Muscular Strength Performance in Healthy Elderly Women. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(4), 811. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-18455.1
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2019 Revista de Investigación en Actividades Acuáticas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
